凸非球面反射镜在反射式光学系统中的应用非常广泛，但其面形高精度检测一直是光学制造领域的难题。为了实现小口径、深度凸非球面的面形高精度检测，提出了一种基于计算全息图（Computer Generated Hologram，CGH）的零位干涉检测技术。首先，详细阐述了该技术的检测原理和方法，给出了计算全息中补偿测试全息和对准标记全息设计过程中的技术要点；然后结合工程应用，针对口径15 mm、顶点曲率半径11.721 mm、非球面度达到72 μm的深度凸非球面，设计并制造了相应的CGH补偿元件，完成了相应零位干涉检测系统的搭建和检测实验；最后，与Luphoscan的检测结果交叉对比，验证了该检测方法的准确性。该技术为小口径凸非球面的高精度检测提供了一种有效的方法，具有显著的工程应用价值。

激光驱动惯性约束聚变的打靶过程中，光场不同空间频率的不均匀性会引起内爆的流体力学不稳定性、印痕效应和激光等离子体不稳定性。这些不稳定过程将最终影响内爆压缩倍率，从而影响到点火。为了控制焦斑不均匀性进而抑制不稳定过程，人们提出了束匀滑技术：通过光场调控控制焦斑分布特性，进而控制束靶耦合过程。束匀滑可分为空间域匀滑和时间域匀滑。空间域匀滑通过控制波前形态获得平整的焦斑包络，降低低频不均匀性。时间域匀滑通过控制光束的相干性减弱激光焦斑中的散斑，进而减弱中高频不均匀性。随着抑制更高激光功率密度条件下激光等离子体相互作用的需求愈发紧迫，涌现出一些新型的束匀滑方法。文中介绍了束匀滑技术在大型激光装置上的使用情况，并对目前提出的各种束匀滑技术进行了总结和分析。

低时间相干脉冲可有效提高激光与等离子相互作用中参量不稳定性的阈值，但高效频率转换难题是实现其工程应用瓶颈之一。系统分析了高功率激光驱动器已有的各类低时间相干脉冲频率转换技术的特性，并基于数值模拟和实验分析了部分掺氘DKDP晶体用于超辐射光倍频、三倍频的特性与工程应用可行性，结果表明掺氘17%左右DKDP晶体可以提高钕玻璃系统超辐射光的倍频效率，理论转换效率可达到约80%，10%梯度掺氘DKDP晶体则可实现5 THz带宽三倍频输出。

The use of low-coherence light is expected to be one of the effective ways to suppress or even eliminate the laser–plasma instabilities that arise in attempts to achieve inertial confinement fusion. In this paper, a review of low-coherence high-power laser drivers and related key techniques is first presented. Work at typical low-coherence laser facilities, including Gekko XII, PHEBUS, Pharos III, and Kanal-2 is described. The many key techniques that are used in the research and development of low-coherence laser drivers are described and analyzed, including low-coherence source generation, amplification, harmonic conversion, and beam smoothing of low-coherence light. Then, recent progress achieved by our group in research on a broadband low-coherence laser driver is presented. During the development of our low-coherence high-power laser facility, we have proposed and implemented many key techniques for working with low-coherence light, including source generation, efficient amplification and propagation, harmonic conversion, beam smoothing, and precise beam control. Based on a series of technological breakthroughs, a kilojoule low-coherence laser driver named Kunwu with a coherence time of only 300 fs has been built, and the first round of physical experiments has been completed. This high-power laser facility provides not only a demonstration and verification platform for key techniques and system integration of a low-coherence laser driver, but also a new type of experimental platform for research into, for example, high-energy-density physics and, in particular, laser–plasma interactions.

激光等离子体相互作用的不稳定性将有望通过降低高功率激光装置输出光束的相干性得到大幅缓解。利用低相干光源作为种子源，采用钕玻璃放大介质，研制成功国际首台kJ级大带宽低相干激光装置，实现了带宽13 nm、能量960 J、脉宽3～10 ns可调，相干时间仅为300 fs的大能量光脉冲输出。输出脉冲光谱匀滑无纵模结构，且谱相位随机分布，可实现脉冲波形和光谱分布的无关联精密调控。该装置不仅成功演示验证了低相干激光驱动器的单元技术及系统集成技术，同时也为激光等离子体相互作用及高能量密度物理研究提供了全新的实验研究平台。